Tartar, also known as calculus, is a hard, mineralized deposit that forms on teeth due to the accumulation of plaque. While plaque is a soft, sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth and gums, tartar is a more severe and challenging problem that develops when plaque is not effectively removed through regular brushing and flossing. Understanding tartar build-up and its impact on your oral health is crucial for maintaining a healthy smile and preventing serious dental issues. Here’s a comprehensive look at tartar, its formation, and its effects on your teeth.
1. What is Tartar?
Overview: Tartar is a hardened form of plaque that has mineralized over time. It forms when plaque on the teeth is not removed and is exposed to saliva, which contains minerals that cause the plaque to harden.
Characteristics:
- Color: Tartar can range from yellow to brown, and in some cases, even black.
- Texture: Unlike the soft and sticky plaque, tartar is rough and porous, making it more difficult to remove with regular brushing.
2. How Tartar Forms
Plaque Formation:
- Daily Plaque Build-Up: Plaque forms on teeth as bacteria combine with food particles and saliva. If not brushed away, plaque begins to build up on the teeth and gums.
- Mineralization: Over time, minerals from saliva start to deposit into the plaque, causing it to harden into tartar. This process can begin as soon as 24 to 72 hours after plaque forms.
Factors Influencing Tartar Formation:
- Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to accumulate and mineralize into tartar.
- Diet: A diet high in sugars and carbohydrates can contribute to plaque build-up and, consequently, tartar formation.
- Saliva Composition: Individuals with more mineral-rich saliva may experience faster tartar formation.
3. Impact of Tartar on Oral Health
**A. Gum Disease
Overview: Tartar buildup along the gum line can lead to gum disease, ranging from gingivitis to more severe periodontitis.
Effects:
- Gingivitis: Tartar irritates the gum tissue, causing inflammation, redness, and bleeding (gingivitis). This is the earliest stage of gum disease and is usually reversible with improved oral hygiene and professional cleaning.
- Periodontitis: If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease. This can lead to gum recession, pockets forming between the teeth and gums, and potential tooth loss.
**B. Cavities and Tooth Decay
Overview: Tartar can trap plaque and bacteria against the tooth surface, increasing the risk of tooth decay and cavities.
Effects:
- Enamel Erosion: The bacteria in tartar produce acids that erode tooth enamel, making teeth more susceptible to decay.
- Cavity Formation: Persistent tartar can lead to the formation of cavities, which may require restorative treatments such as fillings.
**C. Bad Breath
Overview: Tartar can contribute to bad breath (halitosis) due to the accumulation of bacteria and food particles.
Effects:
- Odor: The bacteria trapped in tartar can produce unpleasant odors, leading to persistent bad breath that is difficult to manage with just brushing and mouthwash.
**D. Staining and Discoloration
Overview: Tartar is porous and can absorb stains from food, beverages, and tobacco products.
Effects:
- Visible Stains: Tartar often appears as yellow or brown stains on the teeth, which can be aesthetically unpleasing and difficult to remove without professional treatment.
4. Preventing Tartar Build-Up
**A. Consistent Oral Hygiene
Overview: Proper brushing and flossing are essential for preventing plaque accumulation and tartar formation.
Tips:
- Brush Twice Daily: Use fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush your teeth for at least two minutes, twice a day.
- Floss Daily: Flossing removes plaque and food particles from between your teeth and along the gum line, areas that a toothbrush can’t reach.
**B. Regular Dental Check-Ups
Overview: Professional cleanings by a dental hygienist are crucial for removing tartar that has already formed.
Tips:
- Schedule Regular Cleanings: Visit your dentist Greensboro NC every six months for routine cleanings and check-ups to remove tartar and address any early signs of dental issues.
- Dental Exams: Regular exams allow your dentist to monitor your oral health and identify problems related to tartar build-up.
**C. Diet and Lifestyle
Overview: Your diet and lifestyle choices can influence the rate of plaque and tartar formation.
Tips:
- Limit Sugary Foods: Reduce the intake of sugary and carbohydrate-rich foods, which contribute to plaque formation.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help wash away food particles and bacteria.
- Avoid Tobacco Products: Tobacco use contributes to plaque and tartar build-up and can exacerbate gum disease and staining.
5. Treatment of Existing Tartar
**A. Professional Cleaning
Overview: Once tartar has formed, it can only be removed through professional dental cleanings.
Methods:
- Scaling: The dentist or hygienist will use specialized instruments to scale and remove tartar from your teeth and gum line.
- Polishing: After scaling, your teeth will be polished to remove any remaining plaque and stains.
**B. Ongoing Oral Care
Overview: After tartar removal, maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial to prevent future build-up.
Tips:
- Follow-Up Care: Continue with regular brushing and flossing to keep your teeth clean and prevent plaque from turning into tartar.
- Adhere to Dental Advice: Follow any specific recommendations from your dentist or hygienist regarding your oral care routine.
Conclusion
Tartar build-up is a significant oral health issue that can lead to a range of dental problems, including gum disease, cavities, bad breath, and tooth discoloration. Understanding how tartar forms and its impact on your teeth underscores the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene practices and scheduling regular dental cleanings. By adopting a consistent oral care routine and seeking professional care as needed, you can effectively manage tartar and keep your smile healthy and vibrant.
